1.1 The Prevailing Deficit Framework
For decades, autism research and diagnosis have predominantly operated within a deficit-based framework. Clinical definitions, most notably in the DSM-5, characterize autism as a developmental disorder defined by observable impairments in social interaction, restricted behaviors, and sensory sensitivities. This diagnostic approach emphasizes behavioral divergence from neurotypical expectations, prioritizing external observation over internal cognitive mechanisms. This paper challenges this prevailing approach, operating under the foundational assumption that what is currently broadly understood as "autism" is to a significant extent an artifact of deficit-based pathology. It critiques the very notion of a categorically "normal" behavior, arguing that current clinical definitions pathologize autistic cognition by failing to recognize its inherent validity and coherence. What if these observed behaviors are not indicative of dysfunction, but rather manifestations of an internally coherent, structurally distinct cognitive system?
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